August 03, 2021

Fuaim: an t-Athrach in NG

In áiteachaí áiride in dTír Chonaill, deirtear an fhóinéim /ŋ/ mar [ɣ̃] agus an fhóinéim /ŋ´/ mar [j̃] nó [ĩ] i bhfocla áiride. Tá an t-áthrach /ŋ´/ > /N´/ i bhfocla eile, go h-áirid nuair a bíos sé ag deireadh an fhocail. I bhfocla eile tá an t-áthrach /ŋl/ > /gl/. Tá liosta beag de fhocla in a bhfuil ng agam. Tá áthraigh eile anns na gutaí in aice na bhfóinéim agus mar sin chuir mé na focla in a bhfuil <ong> le chéile ⁊ na focla in a bhfuil <aing> le chéile ⁊rl.

'Nois, goidé na h-áthraigh go díreach?

/ŋ/

1: Focal aonsiollach a chríochnaigheas ar /aŋ/

Maireann an /aŋ/. Mar shompla:

bang: [bɑŋ] – a stroke in swimming

seang: [ʃaŋ] – slim, a thin person

sreang: pl.[Nə šɑŋahə] – strings of spinning-wheel

2: Focal aonsiollach a chríochnaigheas ar /oŋ/

Maireann an [ʌŋ] nó bíonn [ỹ:] ann ina áit. I mBaile Thoir a bíos [ỹ:] - "In the East Town of Tory long is usually pronounced [Lỹ:]" (Hamilton, p. 147). Mar shompla:

drong: [drỹ:, drʌŋ] – a crowd

long: [Lʌŋ, Lỹ:] – a ship; gen.[Nə Lïŋ´ə]; dat.[ɛrə lïŋ´]; pl.[Nə Lʌŋə]

3: Focal aonsiollach a chríochnaigheas ar /u:ŋ/

Níl ach sompla amháin ann:

cumhang: [ku:N, kũ:N] – narrow; comp.[N´i:s ‘ku:N´ə]

4: /iŋl/ i lár focail

Bíonn [ïgl] nó [ïg´l´] ann. Mar shompla:

reanglamán, reaglamán, rigleamán: [rïg´l´əmɑn] – a miserable person or animal

brioglóidigh, brionglóidigh: [ə b´rïglɔd´i] - dreaming

5: /u:ŋl/ i lár focail

Níl ach sompla amháin ann agus tá [ũgl] ann:

cumhanglach: [kũ:glɑ] – anything narrow

6: /aŋ/ i lár focail

Bíonn [aŋ] nó [aɣ̃] ann. Eisceacht an focal tarrangtóir ar chosamhalacht an fhocail tarraing is dóiche. Mar shompla:

bangach?: [bɑŋgɑ] – wounded

beanglán: [b´öɣ̃lɑn] – prong, blade

ceangail: [k´aŋəl´, k´aɣ̃əl´] – tie, bind

ceangaltán: [k´aŋəLtɑn] – a parcel

eangach: [aŋɑ̆, ɑŋɑ] – a net, for fishing; pl.[aŋahi, aɣ̃ɑχi] (NOTE: chuala mise an foirm thabharthach [aɣ̃i] fosta, anns an leagan seo den amhrán “Amhrán na Scadán”: https://youtu.be/UK569ar2kxI?t=31)

eanglach: [aŋla, ɑ̃ɣlɑ, ɑŋlə] – numbness

langa: [Lɑŋɑ̆] – a ling fish

langán: [Lɑ̃ŋɑn, Löj̆an] – the remains, what is left over from potato-splits, spent fish etc.

mangadóir: [mɑŋədɔr´] – a monger

mangaire: [mɑŋïr´ə] – a buyer

sneangán: [ʃN´aŋɑn, ʃN´aɣ̃ɑn] – a nit

sreangán: [sraŋɑn] – a string

sreanglomán: [šřaŋlʌmɑn] – a valetudinarian

stangaire: [sṭɑŋïr´ə]; [rïN´u stɑŋïr´ə l´ʌm Nuər] – I was left speechless when

tarrangtóir: pl.[tɑRəNtəri] – pullers, of a slipe

7: /oŋ/ nó /uŋ/ i lár focail

[ʌŋg] má bhíonn guta ina dhéidh nó [ʌN] má bhíonn /s/ ina dhéidh. Mar shompla:

congadh?: [kʌŋgu] – Cong

rongsa, ronsa, ronnsa: [rʌNsə] – a rung, rod; [rʌNsi ˈsde:r´ə] – stair-rods

rongsa, etc.: [rïNsə] – a tall thin person; same word as previous

ungadh: [ʌŋgu] - anointment

8: /iŋ/ (?) i lár focail

Tá áthraigh éagsamhala ann. /(i)ŋt/ > [Nt] agus áthraighthear an guta. Mar shompla:

iongainn: [əɣ̃əN´, aŋəN´, əλɣ̃əN´] – a nail; pl.[əɣ̃Nə, ʌɣnə, əŋnə] – nails, human

iongantach: [uNtɑ, ʌNtɑ, y:Ntɑ, λ:Ntɑ] – strange, wonderful; sup.[ïs ˈʌNti]

iongantas: [ʌNtɑs, uNtəs] – wonder, strangeness; gen.[uNtïʃ]

iongnadh: [i:Nu] – wonder; [b´e ˈi:nu ɛrə ˈNɛ:ru] – they will be hard to count

neamh-iongantach: [N´awʌNtɑ] - ordinary

neamh-iongantas: [N´awʌNtəs] - ordinariness

9: /ɣ/ > [ɣ̃] nó [ŋ] .i. /ɣ/ > /ŋ/ ar chosamhalacht

Tá dhá shompla ann:

comhgharach: [kõ:ɣ̃ərə] – near

feadhnóg: [f´aɣnəg, f´aŋ̃nɔg] – a pannier-basket; gen.[iərtər Nə ˈf´ɛönɔg´ə] – the base of the pannier-basket; pl.[f´aɣ̃nɔgi, f´aŋ̃nɔgi] (NOTE: diabhal fhios agam goidé [ŋ̃])

/ŋ´/

1: Focal aonsiollach a chríochnaigheas ar /iŋ´/

Maireann an [ïŋ´] nó bíonn [ĩ:] ina áit. Is dóigh liom gur eisceacht an focal ging, b'fhéidir ar chosamhalacht an ainm bhriathair geingeadh. Mar shompla:

cuing: [kïŋ´] – swingle-tree; pl.[kɑNi]

ging, geing: [g´ïN´] – a wedge; pl.[g´aNtrahə]

geingeadh, dingeadh: [a ïn´u ˈst´ɛ] – to stick it in

moing: [mïŋ´, mĩ:] – a mane

2: Focal déshiollach a chríochnaigheas ar /iŋ´/

Bíonn [ïN´] nó [əN´] ann. Tá cupla eisceacht ann - amhanc ar na focla aisling ⁊ tuirling. Mar shompla:

acmhuing: [ə takŭN´] – the equipment; [akɪN´ ə wɑ:d´] – all the detachable equipment of a boat

aisling: [aʃL´ïN´, aʃL´ə] – a dream; gen.[Nə haʃL´ïN´ə]

arraing: [aRIN´] – pain, stitch in side; pl.[aRïN´əhi]

dóirling: [dɔ:RL´ïN´] – a rocky beach; a rounded stone

fairsing: [fɑrsïN´] – plentiful; comp.[N´iəs fɑrsïN´ə]

fairsingeacht: [fɑrsïN´art] – plentifulness, room

fallaing: [fɑLəN´] – a shawl

fulaing, fuiling: [fʌlïN´, fïl´ïN´] – suffer, endure; [fʌlïN´ dɔ] – stop; past[dïl´əN´ m´ɛ]; vb.n[ə fïL´ʃd´ən]

tarraing: [taRəN´] – pull, draw; fut.[tɑRənəhə m´ɛ]; vb.n.[taRəN´t´, tɑRəNt]

tuirling, tuirnigh?: [tʌRN´i] - alight

3: /ŋ´/ i lár focail

Bíonn [ĩ] nó [j̃] ann de ghnáthach agus cailleadh an guta srónach anns na focla daingean agus daingniughadh agus pinginn. Eisceachtaí an focal athchuinge (focal a chríochnaigheas ar /ŋ´ə/) agus na focla tairnge agus tairngireacht (focla in a bhfuil /r´ŋ´/). Maireann an fhuaim [ŋ] anns na focla aingeal agus árdaingeal uaireanta ach tá sí leathan. Mar shompla:

aingeal: [ɛŋəl, ɛĩəl] – angle (sic – "angel" atá ann); pl.[ɛĩlə]

árdaingeal: [ɑRdaŋəl, ɑRdəĩəl] – archangel; pl.[ɑRdəiəl´, ɑRdəilə]

athchuinge: [ahïN´ə] – request

daingean: [dejən] – firm; pl.[dejəNahə, deinahə] – rabbit-holes

daingniughadh: [dɛin´u] – to make firm

laingin?: [Lĩ:in´] – a spancel

pinginn: [p´i:N´, p´iN´] – a penny; pl.[p´i:N´ahə]

tairnge: [ta:rN´ə, tɑRN´ə] – a nail; pl.[tɑ:RN´i:]; [krɑNtɑrN´ə] – a wooden nail

tairngireacht: [tɑrïg´əraxt] – a prophecy

Liosta Litrithe

ANG